Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care

Selected References

Screening for Visual Impairment in the Elderly

Prepared by Christopher Patterson, MD, FRCPC, Professor and Head, Division of Geriatric Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario

These recommendations were finalized by the Task Force in January 1994

1. Nelson KA: Visual impairment among elderly Americans: statistics in transition. J Vis Impair Blind 1987; 81: 331-334

2. Klein BEK, Klein R, Sponsel WE, et al: Prevalence of Glaucoma. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1992; 99: 1499-1504

3. Ederer F, Krueger DE, Mowery RL, et al: Lessons from the Visual Acuity Impairment Survey pilot study. Am J Public Health 1986; 76: 160-165

4. Loewenstein JI, Palmberg PF, Connett JE, et al: Effectiveness of a pinhole method for visual screening. Arch Opththalmol 1985; 103: 222-223

5. Long CA, Holden R, Mulkerrin E, et al: Opportunistic screening of visual acuity of elderly patients attending outpatient clinics. Age Ageing 1991; 20: 392-395

6. Strahlman E, Ford D, Whelton P, et al: Vision screening in a primary care setting. A missed opportunity? Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 2159-2164

7. Tielsch JM, Sommer A, Witt K, et al: Blindness and visual impairment in an American urban population. The Baltimore Eye Survey. Arch Ophthalmol 1990; 108: 286-290

8. Holmin C: Optic disc evaluation versus the visual field in chronic glaucoma. Acta Opthalmol Copenh 1982; 60: 275-283

9. Cooper RL, Grose GC, Constable IJ: Mass screening of the optic disc for glaucoma: a follow up study. Austr N Z J Ophthalmol 1986; 14: 35-39

10. Moss SE, Klein R, Kessler SD, et al: Comparison between ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography in determining severity of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1985; 92: 62-67

11. Singer DE, Nathan DM, Fogel HA, et al: Screening for diabetic retinopathy. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 660-671

12. Hollows FC, Graham PA: Intraocular pressure, glaucoma and glaucoma suspects in a defined population. Br J Ophthalmol 1966; 50: 570-586

13. Leske MC: The epidemiology of open-angle glaucoma: a review. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 166-191

14. Ford VJ, Zimmerman TJ, Kooner A: A comparison of screening methods for the detection of glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (Suppl) 1982; 22: 257

15. Trope GE, Britton R: A comparison of Goldmann and Humphrey automated perimetry in patients with glaucoma. Br J Opthalmol 1987; 71: 489-493

16. Straatsma BR, Meyer KT, Bastek JV, et al: Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation by ophthalmology residents. A prospective study of cataract surgery. Opthalmology 1983; 90: 327-335

17. Argon laser photocoagulation for senile macular degeneration. Results of a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 912-918

18. The Moorfields Macular Study Group: Retinal pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly: a controlled trial of argon laser photocoagulation. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66: 1-16

19. The Moorfields Macular Study Group: Treatment of senile disciform macular degeneration: a single blind randomised trial by argon laser photocoagulation. Br J Ophthalmol 1982; 66: 745-753

20. Coscas G, Soubrane G: Photocoagulation de néovaisseaux sou-rétiniens par le laser à argon dans la dégénérescence, maculaire sénile. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société Française d'Ophthalmologie 1982; 83: 102-105

21. Messmer C, Flammer J, Stumpfig D: Influence of betaxolol and timolol on the visual fields of patients with glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112: 678-681

22. Schulzer M, Drance SM, Douglas GR: A comparison of treated and untreated glaucoma suspects. Ophthalmology 1991; 98: 301-307

23. Glaucoma Laser Trial Research Group: The Glaucoma Laser Trial. Ophthalmology 1990; 97: 1403-1413

24. Kitazawa Y: Prophylactic therapy of ocular hypertension. A prospective study. Trans Ophthalmol Soc NZ 1981; 33: 30-32

25. Epstein DL, Krug JH Jr, Hertzmark E, et al: A long-term clinical trial of timolol therapy versus no treatment in the management of glaucoma suspects. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 1460-1467

26. Reichard P, Nilsson BY, Rosenqvist U: The effect of long term intensified insulin treatment on the development of microvascular complications of diabetes millitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 304-309

27. British Multicentre Study Group: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: treatment with xenon-arc photocoagulation: interim report of multicentre randomized controlled trial. BMJ 1977; 1: 739-741

28. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group report number 1: Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol 1985; 103: 1796-1806

29. British Multicentre Study Group: Photocoagulation for diabetic maculopathy. A randomized controlled trial using the xenon arc. Diabetes 1983; 32: 1010-1016

30. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force: Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: an Assessment of the Effectiveness of 169 Interventions. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Md, 1989: 181-192

31. Battista RN, Huston P, Davis MW: Screening for primary open-angle glaucoma. In Goldbloom RB, Lawrence RS (eds): Preventing Disease: Beyond the Rhetoric. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990

32. American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Academy of Ophthalmology: Screening guidelines for diabetic retinopathy. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 683-685

Link to Full Text of this review

Link to Structured Abstract of this review

Link to Summary Table of Recommendations of this review

Link to 1995 update: Screening for visual problems among elderly patients

Top of Page

Home PageCTFPHC Home Page

Reprinted in modified format by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care
with permission.
Original Copyright © 1994 Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
For any technical issues please contact: webmaster@ctfphc.org
Last modified March 27, 1998.