2. Ryan AS, Rush D, Krieger FW, et al: Recent declines in breast-feeding in the United States, 1984 through 1989. Pediatrics 1991; 88: 719-727
3. Bauchner H, Leventhal JM, Shapiro ED: Studies of breast-feeding and infections. How good is the evidence? JAMA 1986; 256: 887-892
4. Howie PW, Forsyth JS, Ogston SA, et al: Protective effect of breast feeding against infection. BMJ 1990; 300: 11-16
5. Rubin DH, Leventhal JM, Krasilnikoff PA, et al: Relationship between infant feeding and infectious illness: a prospective study of infants during the first year of life. Pediatrics 1990; 85: 464-471
6. Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg CJ, et al: Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. Pediatrics 1993; 91: 867-872
7. Kramer MS: Does breast feeding help protect against atopic disease? Biology, methodology, and a golden jubilee of controversy. J Pediatr 1988; 112: 181-190
8. Savilahti E, Tainio V-M, Salmenpera L, et al: Prolonged exclusive breast feeding and heredity as determinants in infantile atopy. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 269-273
9. Midwinter RE, Morris AF, Colley JR: Infant feeding and atopy. Arch Dis Child 1987; 62: 965-967
10. Lucas A, Brooke OG, Morley R, et al: Early diet of preterm infants and development of allergic or atopic disease: randomised prospective study. BMJ 1990; 300: 837-840
11. Burr ML, Limb ES, Maguire MJ, et al: Infant feeding, wheezing, and allergy: a prospective study. Arch Dis Child 1993; 68: 724-728
12. Hattevig G, Kjellman B, Sigurs N, et al: The effect of maternal avoidance of eggs, cow's milk and fish during lactation upon allergic manifestations in infants. Clin Exp Allergy 1989; 19: 27-32
13. Chandra RK, Puri S, Suraiya C, et al: Influence of maternal food antigen avoidance during pregnancy and lactation on incidence of atopic eczema in infants. Clin Allergy 1986; 16: 563-569
14. Zeiger RS, Heller S, Mellon MH, et al: Effect of combined maternal and infant food-allergen avoidance on development of atopy in early infancy: a randomized study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989; 84: 72-89
15. Bjorksten B: Breast feeding and atopic dermatitis. Allergy 1989; 44(Suppl 9): 129-134
16. Karjalainen J, Martin JM, Knip M, et al: A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 302-307
17. Kostraba JN, Cruickshanks KJ, Lawler-Heavner J, et al: Early exposure to cow's milk and solid foods in infancy, genetic predisposition, and risk of IDDM. Diabetes 1993; 42: 288-295
18. Bognetti E, Meschi F, Malavasi C, et al: HLA antigens in Italian type 1 diabetic patients: role of DR3/DR4 antigens and breast feeding in the onset of the disease. Acta Diabetol 1992; 28: 229-232
19. Renfrew MJ: Antenatal breastfeeding education. In: Pregnancy and Childbirth Module (eds. Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson JP, "Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews": Review No. 04171. Published through "Cochrane Updates on Disk", Oxford: Update Software, 1993, Disk Issue 2
20. Renfrew MJ: Antenatal breastfeeding classes vs individual teaching. In: Pregnancy and Childbirth Module (eds. Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson JP, "Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews": Review No. 07144. Published through "Cochrane Updates on Disk", Oxford: Update Software, 1993, Disk Issue 2
21. Renfrew MJ: Postnatal support for breastfeeding mothers. In: Pregnancy and Childbirth Module (eds. Enkin MW, Keirse MJNC, Renfrew MJ, Neilson JP, "Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews": Review No. 04173. Published through "Cochrane Updates on Disk", Oxford: Update Software, 1993, Disk Issue 2
22. Salariya EM, Easton PM, Cater JI: Duration of breast-feeding after early initiation and frequent feeding. Lancet 1978; ii: 1141-1143
23. Thomson ME, Hartsock TG, Larson C: The importance of immediate postnatal contact: Its effect on breastfeeding. Can Fam Physician 1979; 25: 1374-1378
24. Cohen SA: Postpartum teaching and the subsequent use of milk supplements. Birth Fam J 1980; 7: 163-167
25. de Chateau P, Winberg J: Immediate postpartum suckling contact and duration of breastfeeding. J Mat Child Health 1978; 3: 392-395
26. Taylor PM, Maloni JA, Taylor FH, et al: II. Extra early mother-infant contact and duration of breast-feeding. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 1985; 316: 15-22
27. Bergevin Y, Dougherty C, Kramer MS: Do infant formula samples shorten the duration of breast-feeding? Lancet 1983; 1: 1148-1151
28. Frank DA, Wirtz SJ, Sorenson JR, et al: Commercial discharge packs and breast-feeding counseling: effects on infant- feeding practices in a randomised trial. Pediatrics 1987; 80: 845-854
29. Garforth S, Garcia J: Breast feeding policies in practice - 'no wonder they get confused.' Midwifery 1989; 5: 75-83
30. Houston MJR, Field PA: Practices and policies in the initiation of breastfeeding. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1988; 17: 418-424
31. Houston M, Howie P, McNeilly A: Nursing mirror midwifery forum. 2. Breast feeding. Nurs Mirror 1983; 156: i-ix
32. Nutrition Committee of the Canadian Pediatric Society and The Committee on Nutrition of the American Academy of Pediatrics: Breast-feeding. A commentary in celebration of the International Year of the Child, 1979. Pediatrics 1978; 62: 591-601
33. Jolly R: Breastfeeding and health care services. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1990; 31 (Suppl 1): 7-9
Link to Full Text of this review
Link to Structured Abstract of this review
Link to Summary Table of Recommendations of this review
Reprinted in modified format by the Canadian
Task Force on Preventive Health Care
with permission.
Original Copyright
© 1994 Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
For any technical issues please contact: webmaster@ctfphc.org
Last modified March 27, 1998.